The Bush Doctrine redux: changes and continuities in American grand strategy since ‘9/11’

Abstract This article examines the ideational dimension and political performance of American grand strategy since ‘9/11’ explores to what extent strategic assumptions, ideological dispositions, security practices Bush Doctrine have endured 2001 terrorist attacks. It advances a constructivist understanding as nexus national identity discourses practices. The will first explore significance exceptionalism in its practical impact pursuit US security. then focus on Obama Doctrine, arguing that embrace cooperative engagement multilateralism represented limited course correction within paradigm liberal hegemony. Finally, contrast under Donald Trump, exploring their shared foundations Jacksonian nationalism unilateralism demonstrate continued relevance Bush’s vision primacy.